加压活性炭生物膜法处理DSD有机废水

采用加压活性炭生物膜法处理以对硝基甲苯磺酸盐为主的难降解的有机废水的研究,是在活性炭生物膜法处理有机废水基础上发展起来的新技术。本实验结果表明,在加压9.8×10~4Pa(1kgt/cm~2)的条件下,COD_(Cr)去除率为62％～70％,比常压活性炭生物膜法高20％～25％;其容积负荷Nv=1.7～2.9kgCOD/m~3·d,比一般活性污泥法高3～6倍。     

活性碳纤维吸附CS2蒸气的热力学研究

通过吸附热力学研究,计算出CS_2蒸气在活性碳纤维(ACF)上的吸附热、吸附功和吸附熵.结果表明,吸附属物理吸附范畴,所用吸附剂样品表面是不均匀的.     

中度污染水资源用于电厂循环冷却系统工艺研究

采用曝气生物滤池与高效混凝沉淀工艺对城市污水厂二级处理出水进行了2 m3/h规模的中试研究,并在此基础上对被污染的地表水进行了600m3/h规模的工程试验研究。研究表明,中度污染水资源通过这一工艺处理,可以满足电厂循环冷却水补给水的水质要求,并可以取得较高的处理效率。工程试验证实,此工艺运行稳定,系统易启动,抗冲击能力强,管理方便,具有推广应用的价值。     

安徽省升金湖湿地土壤有机碳储存及分布

文章研究了安徽省升金湖湿地土壤有机碳储存和分布特征及其与土壤氮素的关系。结果表明,供试湿地土壤全土1m深有机碳密度达10.82±1.90kg.m-2,表层土壤(0—30cm)有机碳密度为5.19±0.68kg.m-2,高于报道的人工湿地——水稻土的碳密度;有机碳(SOC)含量分布随土壤深度(H)的递降符合幂函数方程,湿地土壤有机碳的表层积累强度和积累深度高于稻田;湿地土壤氮素是土壤固碳的有利因子,其氮素对土壤有机碳积累的效应高于水稻土;因湖泊沉积受河流动力学、土壤水分和植物生长条件的影响,湿地土壤有机碳含量存在显著的水平空间变异性。看来,长江中下游淡水湿地在陆地生态系统碳氮储存上具有重要意义。     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

非溶解态胡敏酸对土壤中硬碳有机质解吸多环芳烃的影响

土壤有机碳是控制土壤中多环芳烃的吸附解吸及其生物有效性的主要因素之一,土壤中硬碳类吸附剂是土壤有机碳中的重要部分,土壤中软碳类物质和硬碳类物质的相互作用对研究土壤中多环芳烃的解吸行为和生物有效性有重要影响。研究将溶解有机质胡敏酸,通过条件的变化使其转变为非溶解态,研究其对土壤碳质吸附剂(胡敏素和黑碳)吸附多环芳烃的解吸行为的影响。研究结果表明:非溶解态胡敏酸会显著降低土壤硬碳类物质中多环芳烃的解吸能力,解吸滞后性增加,作者认为非溶解态胡敏酸的添加会覆盖土壤硬碳类物质的表面吸附位点和填充吸附多环芳烃的孔隙,造成硬碳类有机质中的多环芳烃解吸能力下降,滞后性增强。研究还发现硬碳类有机质的比表面积和孔隙度和解吸能力的变化强度呈正相关关系。     

Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus removal,shifts of functional bacteria and fate of resistance genes in bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole stress

To understand the long-term performance of bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole (SMX) stress, an unplanted bioretention system (BRS) and two modified BRSs with coconut-shell activated carbon (CAC) and CAC/zero-valent-iron (Fe0) granules (CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS) were established. Both CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS significantly outperformed BRS in removing total nitrogen (TN)(CAC-BRS:82.48%; Fe/CAC-BRS:78.08%; BRS:47.51%), total phosphorous (TP)(CAC-BRS:79.36%; Fe/CAC-BRS:98.26%; BRS:41.99%),and...     

人工土壤渗滤工艺研究与应用

土地处理系统作为生态学处理方法,实际上是追求土壤、含水层和植物的“处理”与“利用”两个功能的总体实现。人工土壤渗滤工艺正是针对传统土地处理工艺的改进而发展起来的一种技术,它使用人造填料代替土壤,构造人工土壤环境;有效改善了土地处理工艺占地较大和处理负荷低的弊端。并通过对人工土壤渗滤工艺的实际应用,对工艺的处理效果进行了研究,尤其是通过一系列的微生物试验,对工艺中的核心部分——“人工土壤”的生物特性以及构建进行了有益的探索。     

AF+BAF深度处理PCB生产废水的试验研究

针对PCB废水难降解及含重金属铜的特点,在经过一系列的物化处理的基础上,采用AF+BAF组合工艺对其进行深度处理。试验研究中,通过控制污水在反应器中的停留时间,使得废水在AF中水解酸化,以增加废水的可生化性,在此基础上利用BAF的生物膜来去除污水中剩余的有机物。试验结果表明,试验系统对PCB废水中的COD、Cu2+去除效果良好,出水COD、Cu2+的含量分别稳定在10~50mg/L和0.02~0.1mg/L,达到排放标准。     

SO2在碳钢初期大气腐蚀中的作用

通过自建的模拟大气腐蚀系统,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和x-射线光电子能谱(XPS),研究了SO2对碳钢初期大气腐蚀行为的影响,并进一步用原子力显微镜从更微观的角度观察了在SO2环境中初期阶段腐蚀形貌变化.研究结果表明:在SO2污染大气环境中,随SO2浓度的升高碳钢腐蚀加快.在体积分数为5×10(-6)SO2的大气环境中,碳钢和耐候钢表面腐蚀主要以条状物生长,随着SO2浓度的升高,腐蚀产物的形貌发生改变,在体积分数为5×10(-5)SO2的大气环境中,条状锈和胞状锈同时生长.在锈层中S元素以FeSO4·4H2O的形式存在,腐蚀产物中还有γ-FeOOH.SO2在初期阶段加速了碳钢的腐蚀,降低了碳钢的耐蚀性.